Bureaucracy: Definition and Characteristics

What is Bureaucracy?

Bureaucracy is a form of organization characterized by complex division of labor, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination, and formalization. It is a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization operated by nonelected officials.

Characteristics of Bureaucracy

The defining characteristics of bureaucracy include:

Complex Division of Labor

Tasks are broken down into specialized roles, each with a specific set of responsibilities.

Permanence

The organization is designed to continue indefinitely, regardless of changes in personnel.

Professional Management

Officials are appointed based on their qualifications and expertise, rather than political connections.

Hierarchical Coordination

Authority is structured in a pyramid-like hierarchy, with lower-level officials reporting to higher-level officials.

Formalization

Rules and procedures are documented and strictly enforced to ensure consistency and efficiency.